Mr. Brooks said in an interview that he would start the new job May 1. A spokeswoman for the crypto exchange confirmed the hire.

During his time at the OCC, Mr. Brooks was dubbed the “CryptoComptroller” on social media for his friendly attitude toward digital currencies. Under his watch, the OCC released guidance clarifying that banks could provide cryptocurrency custody services and use stablecoins to facilitate payment activities, moves that helped make it easier for traditional financial institutions to get into crypto. Stablecoins are a type of digital coin backed by a commodity or traditional currency like the U.S. dollar.

Mr. Brooks was acting head of the OCC, a unit of the Treasury Department, from May 2020 to January. Before joining the OCC he was the chief legal officer of Coinbase Global Inc., the U.S. bitcoin exchange. He also previously worked as general counsel of mortgage giant Fannie Mae.

Crypto companies have hired a number of former officials in recent months as they increasingly seek mainstream acceptance. Such hires could help companies such as Binance and Coinbase

navigate potential pitfalls in the emerging U.S. regulatory framework for digital currencies. But they are also a striking contrast to the early, libertarian vision of bitcoin as a way to conduct transactions outside the reach of governments.

BlockFi, a cryptocurrency startup, said Tuesday that it was adding former Commodity Futures Trading Commission chairman J. Christopher Giancarlo to its board. Last month, Coinbase said it was hiring the Securities and Exchange Commission’s former top regulator for stock exchanges, Brett Redfearn, as a vice president. Also in March, Binance said it was hiring Max Baucus, a former Democratic senator from Montana and U.S. ambassador to China, as a policy and government-relations adviser.

This month, Coinbase joined several other financial firms in forming the Crypto Council for Innovation, a trade group that aims to lobby policy makers on crypto regulation. Among the group’s first moves was to release a paper by Michael Morell, a former acting director of the Central Intelligence Agency, arguing that the media and government officials had significantly overstated the role of bitcoin in illicit finance.

Crypto companies are flush with cash after a massive run-up in the digital-currencies market. Bitcoin has nearly doubled since the beginning of the year to around $55,000. Coinbase went public on the Nasdaq Stock Market last week and boasts a market capitalization of $87 billion.